In Wake County, more than 40,000 households rely on private wells often hidden underground and out of sight, but this doesn’t mean they should be out of mind. Just like your own health, a regular “wellness check” for your well can safeguard the water your family depends on every day. Groundwater Awareness Week serves as a reminder to test, maintain and protect your well to ensure safe, clean drinking water for years to come.
“Too often, people only think about testing their well water when it smells or tastes unusual,” said Donald Mial, vice chair, Wake County Board of Commissioners. “Without a full test from a certified lab, you might be drinking water with contaminants you cannot see, taste or smell. Even water that looks clear and tastes fine can still be unsafe.”
While having a well can save homeowners from monthly water bills, it comes with the responsibility of regular testing and maintenance. Wake County’s Onsite Water Protection Division offers comprehensive well water testing through the Wake County Water Quality Lab. Testing involves a visit from county inspectors who collect a water sample from your well and deliver it to the lab for analysis. There is a cost for testing.
If you've never tested your well water or it's been more than five years, Wake County recommends the First Timer’s Package. This includes checking for coliform bacteria, inorganic substances, volatile organic compounds and pesticides. In areas with naturally occurring radiological contaminants, the Rads Package is also recommended, which includes testing for uranium, radon in water, gross alpha and beta activity and indoor air radon. Individual tests are available for specific concerns.
In 2024, Wake County collected 2,784 water samples. This included 1,282 tests requested by customers with existing wells, and 1,502 tests required for a new well permit.
Wake County provides test results through its Permit Portal and a simplified summary on the Well Water Analysis Results page. The county also offers the "Be Well Informed" tool, which generates a report with recommendations based on test results. Additionally, Wake County organizes technical assistance meetings to help well owners understand their test results and explore solutions to any issues.
“If contamination is detected, homeowners can follow Wake County’s guidelines for disinfecting wells or hire a professional contractor,” said Mike Ranck, groundwater program manager. “Bacteria tests should be conducted annually, inorganic substances every 2 years, and most other tests can be done every five years unless contamination is detected.”
If you are concerned about the cost of well water testing or need help with repairs, Wake County offers several programs to support low income, elderly and disabled residents.
